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Kiribati (; or ; ),〔(【引用サイトリンク】Kiribati: definition of Kiribati in Oxford dictionary (British & World English) )〕 officially the Republic of Kiribati (Gilbertese: ''Ribaberiki Kiribati''),〔http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-16431215〕〔Wikisource:China Kiribati Notes Establishing Diplomatic Relations〕〔Wikisource:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1248〕〔http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm#fn-md *〕〔https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kr.html〕 is an island nation in the central Pacific Ocean. The nation comprises 33 atolls and reef islands and one raised coral island, Banaba. They have a total land area of and are dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres (1,351,000 square miles). Their spread straddles the equator and the International Date Line, although the Date Line is indented to bring the Line Islands in the same day as the Kiribati Islands. The permanent population is just over 100,000 (2011), half of whom live on Tarawa Atoll. Kiribati became independent from the United Kingdom in 1979. The capital and now most populated area, South Tarawa, consists of a number of islets, connected by a series of causeways. These comprise about half the area of Tarawa Atoll. Kiribati is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the IMF and the World Bank, and became a full member of the United Nations in 1999. ==Etymology== The name ''Kiribati'' was adopted at independence and is the local enunciation of ''Gilberts''. This name derives from the main archipelago of three forming the nation. It was named the Gilbert Islands after the British explorer Thomas Gilbert. He sighted many of the islands in 1788 while mapping out the Outer Passage route from Port Jackson to Canton.〔 〕 The Kiribati archipelago was named "îles Gilbert", in French in about 1820, by a Russian admiral Adam von Krusenstern and French captain Louis Duperrey. Both their maps, published in 1820, were written in French. In English, the archipelago was often referred to as the Kingsmills in the 19th century, although the name Gilbert Islands was used increasingly, including in the (Western Pacific Order in Council of 1877 ). The archipelago's name was incorporated in the entire Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony from 1916, and retained after the Ellice Islands became the separate nation of Tuvalu in 1976. The spelling of "Gilberts" in the Gilbertese language as Kiribati may be found in books in Gilbertese prepared by missionaries and others (e.g. see Hawaian Board of Missionaries, 1895〔Hawaian board of missions, publishers. (1895). Te Rikitianere ni baibara, ae te boki ni kaoti nanon taeka ianena aika 376 aika n te baibara ni kiribati: ma te kankaotanti ae karako. Gilbert Islands Bible dictionary, and pocket concordance of proper names and contents of the Bible. E katauraoaki irouni beiñam.〕). It is often suggested that the indigenous name for the Gilbert Islands proper is ''Tungaru'' (e.g., see Arthur Grimble, 1989). However, the name Kiribati was chosen as the name of the new independent nation by local consensus, on such grounds that it was modern;〔 and to acknowledge the inclusion of islands (e.g., the Phoenix Group and Line Islands), which were never considered part of the Tungaru (or Gilberts) chain.〔Sabatier, Ernest. ''Dictionnaire gilbertin-français'' Tabuiroa, 1954 says that "Kiribati" is already the meaning for all the Gilberts District of GEIC.〕〔Reilly Ridgell. ''Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia.'' 3rd Edition. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1995. ISBN 1573060011 p. 95.〕 The pronunciation differs: "Kiribas" is the official pronunciation as "ti" in Kiribatese makes an "s" sound. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kiribati」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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